Difference between revisions of "Phonology"
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=== Consonants === | === Consonants === | ||
Sounds in brackets appear only as the result of phonological or morphophonemic processes, and do not appear in the underlying representation of any morphemes. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="3"|Obstruent || <small>Voiceless stop</small> | ! rowspan="3"|Obstruent || <small>Voiceless stop</small> | ||
| (h) || || t || || k || | | (h)<ref group="n">Underlyingly /p/, but surfaces as [h] in isolation</ref> || || t || || k || | ||
|- | |- | ||
! <small>Voiceless fricative</small> | ! <small>Voiceless fricative</small> | ||
| Line 31: | Line 33: | ||
| w [ɸ~w̥] || || || j [j̥~ç] || || | | w [ɸ~w̥] || || || j [j̥~ç] || || | ||
|} | |} | ||
<references group="n"/> | |||
There are three processes that can change one consonant into another. The most straightforward is a dissimilation process with /s/: the second of two consecutive syllables with /s/ will replace the /s/ with /θ/: | |||
EXAMPLE | |||
The second is a merger process when two sufficiently similar consonants come together. | |||
=== Vowels === | === Vowels === | ||
Revision as of 16:50, 27 April 2022
This page gives a basic overview of Mirja's phonology. See the referenced pages for more detailed descriptions of individual phenomena.
Segmental phoneme inventory
Mirja has the following segmental phonemes.
Consonants
Sounds in brackets appear only as the result of phonological or morphophonemic processes, and do not appear in the underlying representation of any morphemes.
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Apical | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obstruent | Voiceless stop | (h)[n 1] | t | k | |||
| Voiceless fricative | [ɸ~w̥] | [f] | s [θ] | x | h | ||
| Voiced | v | d~ð | g~ɣ | ||||
| Nasal | m | n | [ŋ] | ||||
| Liquid | Lateral | l ɬ | |||||
| Rhotic | ɾ ɾ̥ | ||||||
| Approximant | w [ɸ~w̥] | j [j̥~ç] | |||||
- ↑ Underlyingly /p/, but surfaces as [h] in isolation
There are three processes that can change one consonant into another. The most straightforward is a dissimilation process with /s/: the second of two consecutive syllables with /s/ will replace the /s/ with /θ/:
EXAMPLE
The second is a merger process when two sufficiently similar consonants come together.
Vowels
| Front | Non-front | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Unrounded | Rounded | ||
| High | i | ɨ | u |
| Low | e | a | o |